A Yagi Antanna for Laptop 802.11b


Firstly, there are a TON of these cards out there (the one that I used), and cheap too!  Look on ebay, just look for the picture of the card, most peeps are using stock photos anyway.  There usually isn't a 'name brand' stuck on it, the card itself doesn't sport any name brand either, which is sort of odd.  Mind you, this wouldn't have been my first pick.  There are a number of cards out there that already have the plug port on them which would make for an easier time, but this is what I had handy!

The shell of this card simply says:
WLAN
IEEE 802.11b
WLAN CardBus
Model Number: CB-200B
FCC ID: NKRCB200B
The mac address is listed on the card.

However Network Stumbler paints a better picture and calls it this:
Accton EN2242 Series MiniPCI fast ethernet adapter.

The FCC lists the applicant (manufacturer I guess) as:
Wistron NeWeb Corp.
No. 10-1 Li-hsin Road I, Science-based Industrial Park,
Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C.

About the card:
Frequency range:  2412 - 2462 mhz
Conducted Output Power:  47.09 mW
Estimated power output per channel:
ch. 1 : 47.09 mW
ch. 6 : 44.25 mW
ch. 11: 42.85 mW

Antenna type: Inverted F
===============================
The card was tested on ch. 11 for the entire project.

I will be doing some comparisons later with my other network card, which interestingly was made in the same business park! (hmm)
It uses a Patch antenna and has an estimated output power of 43.85 mW  so the comparison should be fairly close. (the comparison card
does 41.49 mW on ch. 11 so I might try and see if I can switch it to Ch. 1, will make up my mind later on that.)


The Setup:

 

This is a picure of my computer room / radio room (amateur radio).  LOTS of possible interference from surrounding
electronics, metal, etc.  Highlighted in the upper left is the Belkin wireless router that I'm using.  Two antennas and
sitting on top of the monitor.

Here is a picture of my test vehicle.  Suzuki Grand Vitara.

Inside shot, my test laptop was sitting on top of my laptop that you see here. Cardport would be on the left.
Inside the vehicle degrades the signal somewhat.

This is a picture of what the signal had to get through to reach the outside.  I had one blind down and one up
on the windows and the front door was open.

Here is a shot from the outside of the window of where the signal would have to shoot to reach
the router.  This shot is from the 'bottom of the hill', the longest test I did.  Where the road ends 
down there is where I tested from.

 
 

The Parts!


Here's a shot of the completed job.  I got the top and bottom of the plastic covers off but broke the plastic little tabs on the left and right side, couldn't figure (call it impatience) how to get them loose from the metal frame.  The top and bottom covers tilt away from the card and then the metal tabs slide out of the slots in the plastic.

Here is a shot of the unmolested card running in the computer with the plastic cover removed.  

Here is a close up shot of the Yagi 5 element antenna.  I've soldered the end of a piece of RG-58 coax to it and tied it off with a zip tie.  I know, I know..your thinking I shouldn't have used rg-58.  Well your right, but I was impatient.  That and since the piece is only about a foot or foot and a half the loss is probably less than .5db anyway.  ...but wait, it gets worse! hi hi  >>----------->

Here's the horrid travesty!  If you've looked on other web pages you've probably seen pictures of spots where you can plug in an external pigtail or smaller coax connector, well this one is just the same, there were two spots (one for each antenna) but the actual connectors aren't there, just the spot to solder them.  ...and naturally they ae both tucked RIGHT under the metal tabs and hard to get to.  I couldn't figure out how to get the metal cover off without damaging the metal casing.  I wound up proping up the metal while I soldered it.  My soldering skills are so-so and the socket connections are so close to each other that I couldn't get two pieces of wire in and soldered on the same socket.  What I did was use the center connection of the left one (which is the send/recieve antenna) and hooked it to the center of the coax and connected the braided shield of the coax to the ground side of the other connector.
Yes, I know I should keep the leads short.  (innocent look)  Just couldn't get the coax in there and the wire was too big anyway!

Here is a closer shot of the connector sockets.  You can see I connected to the center (hot) and the right wire to one of the outer four connectors which are all ground.

A closer closer view of the socket on the right.

The card LiVe in the laptop!

Close-up of the  solder connections on the Yagi.

Another shot of the completed setup before adding the liquid tape.
 

Here is a shot of it completed and in the laptop.
I've put the bottom plastic piece back on but the 
top one wouldn't fit at all and wouldn't be worth the
trouble to cut it considering how big the rg58 coax is.
I drilled two holes carefully in the card in some clear spots
so I could put a tie strap in to hold the coax. I've used liquid
tape to coat the exposed wires.

 
 

The Graphs!


At desk, original unmolested card. 2' distance.

At desk, 1 inch wire leads soldered to antenna connection. 2' distance.

At chucks drive, original card. 262' distance.

At chucks, with new Yagi added. 262' distance.


At cassie's drive, original card.  374' distance.

At cassie's drive, Yagi antenna.  374' distance.

At pole by dick's house, original card. 555' distance.

At pole by dick's house, Yagi.  555' distance.

Bottom of hill 90 degrees different direction from other measurements.
833' distance.
This is just a quick and dirty comparison done after a quick and dirty hack with a soldering iron.  (well not that quick, heh)  The Yagi was hand-held during the tests and both the before and after tests were done from inside my Grand Vitara SUV with the test laptop sitting on top of my car laptop on a home made stand. (might post pictures later)

The point being that my hand isn't sitting steady while holding the yagi.  You also have to take into account that the laptop was in the truck which degrades antenna performance due to the surrounding metal.  The base WAN port is in the house sitting on top of a 17" monitor surrounded by computers.  During the testing time I had one set of the venitian blinds